1. It's totally_______ (understand) that you stayed home when you were sick.
2. Don't laugh at his stupid jokes! You'll only _____(courage) him to say them again.
3. That sidewalk is ____ (slip), I almost fell!
4. After Monday, I will no longer be a foreigner--I am receiving my ____(citizen)!
5. Arthur will be very lonely unless you____(friend) him.
6. Every afternoon, the cooks _____ (sharp) their knives in preparation for dinner.
7. I hate being around Mary Lou, she is so so ______ (friendly).
8. The stock market crash of 1929 left my great-grandfather _____ (penny).
9. I have a class at 8:00 a.m. but I always _____ (sleep).
10. The groom may _____ (veil) the bride only when their vows have been exchanged.
11. I think we should try something else. That strategy seems way too _____ (risk).
12. My father's death left me with a great ____ (empty) in my heart.
13. George W. Bush is pretending that he attacked Iraq to _____ (liberty) the Iraqis.
14. Americans fought hard to earn their _____ (free) from Britain.
15. When you work at a nuclear power plant, you have to be extremely ____(care).
16. Every time I think I've beaten you, you ____ (do) me!
17. I had to take three months off when I was pregnant, but my boss has been very _____(understand).
RESULTS
1. It's totally UNDERSTANDABLE (understand) that you stayed home when you were sick.
2. Don't laugh at his stupid jokes! You'll only ENCOURAGE (courage) him to say them again.
3. That sidewalk is SLIPPERY (slip), I almost fell!
4. After Monday, I will no longer be a foreigner--I am receiving my CITIZENSHIP (citizen)!
5. Arthur will be very lonely unless you BEFRIEND (friend) him.
6. Every afternoon, the cooks SHARPEN (sharp) their knives in preparation for dinner.
7. I hate being around Mary Lou, she is so so UNFRIENDLY (friendly).
8. The stock market crash of 1929 left my great-grandfather PENNILESS (penny).
9. I have a class at 8:00 a.m. but I always OVERSLEEP (sleep).
10. The groom may UNVEIL (veil) the bride only when their vows have been exchanged.
11. I think we should try something else. That strategy seems way too RISKY (risk).
12. My father's death left me with a great EMPTINESS (empty) in my heart.
13. George W. Bush is pretending that he attacked Iraq to LIBERATE (liberty) the Iraqis.
14. Americans fought hard to earn their FREEDOM (free) from Britain.
15. When you work at a nuclear power plant, you have to be extremely CAREFUL (care).
16. Every time I think I've beaten you, you OUTDO (do) me!
17. I had to take three months off when I was pregnant, but my boss has been very UNDERSTANDING (understand).
from:
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/cgi2/myexam/voir2r.php?id=151
19 Şubat 2010 Cuma
useful websites to practise word formation
http://www.bbc.co.uk/apps/ifl/worldservice/quiznet/quizengine?ContentType=text/html;quiz=1433_word_formation
http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/blvocabquiz_wordform1.htm
http://www.uefap.com/vocab/exercise/build/form_v2.htm
http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/blvocabquiz_wordform1.htm
http://www.uefap.com/vocab/exercise/build/form_v2.htm
17 Şubat 2010 Çarşamba
asr_3 _units1-2
essential ___ affection ____ facility _____ offhand _____ intensify indicate _____ gratitude_____ allure ____offbeat ____ make a statement conservative _____ sacred ____ decades ______ tolerant
1. The president has ________________ his pressure on economy as a result of the scandals.
2. Results of the news analysis ______________ that there are too much violence scenes on the news.
3. The ______________ of communication is far greater now than it was a hundred years ago.
4. The cottage's ______________ was its isolation. This is why so many people wanted to buy it.
5. He liked the _________________ in fashion and shows it by using unusual cuts and accessories.
6. His _______________ answer to the question caused a big chaos and whaty he said was corrected by the vice-directors.
7. And although I am now old, I have found a heart as young as my own,my true love, a lifelong _____________ which nothing can discourage and which grows stronger every day.
8. He expressed his ____________ to everyone on the staff whne he came to the stage to get his Academy Award.
9. Keep in mind that it is your _______________ duty to take care of the poor, disabled and orphans. Don t let your officers offend and mistreat them.
10. The last two ________________ have witnessed increasingly frequent and severe financial crises that many related to short- term speculation.
11. .Many people in the world are getting more ________________ and they are less _______________ of other views and beliefs.
12. A dictionary is the ______________ tool when learning a language. There are many dictionaries to choose from.
13. The furnishings here ____________ about the company. It has a friendly and warm atmosphere as the colors are soft and welcoming.
1. intensified 2. indicate 3. facility 4. allure 5. offbeat 6. offhand 7. affection 8. gratitude 9. sacred 10. decades 11. conservative-tolerant 12 essential 13. make a statement
1. The president has ________________ his pressure on economy as a result of the scandals.
2. Results of the news analysis ______________ that there are too much violence scenes on the news.
3. The ______________ of communication is far greater now than it was a hundred years ago.
4. The cottage's ______________ was its isolation. This is why so many people wanted to buy it.
5. He liked the _________________ in fashion and shows it by using unusual cuts and accessories.
6. His _______________ answer to the question caused a big chaos and whaty he said was corrected by the vice-directors.
7. And although I am now old, I have found a heart as young as my own,my true love, a lifelong _____________ which nothing can discourage and which grows stronger every day.
8. He expressed his ____________ to everyone on the staff whne he came to the stage to get his Academy Award.
9. Keep in mind that it is your _______________ duty to take care of the poor, disabled and orphans. Don t let your officers offend and mistreat them.
10. The last two ________________ have witnessed increasingly frequent and severe financial crises that many related to short- term speculation.
11. .Many people in the world are getting more ________________ and they are less _______________ of other views and beliefs.
12. A dictionary is the ______________ tool when learning a language. There are many dictionaries to choose from.
13. The furnishings here ____________ about the company. It has a friendly and warm atmosphere as the colors are soft and welcoming.
1. intensified 2. indicate 3. facility 4. allure 5. offbeat 6. offhand 7. affection 8. gratitude 9. sacred 10. decades 11. conservative-tolerant 12 essential 13. make a statement
16 Şubat 2010 Salı
proficiency_july
Vocabulary items studied in the course in the form of an exercise presented
contaminate __turn down___ odorless ____ interference ____ abuse nurture ____ get rid of _____ ensure ______ neglect ______ credible ____conduct legitimate ____ moderate ____set out ____ unintentional_____ insult_____confirm soothe ____ rely _____ exposure ____ supply ____ turn out ___determine incident ____unaware
1. Although sweating is practically _______________, it can sometimes cause an unpleasant smell when it comes into contact with bacteria on your skin.
2. ________________ injury is one of the main causes of death so it is not investigated deeply by the police and it is one of the most common causes of emergency hospital admissions in children.
3. Chocolate is high in calories, however _______________ amount can be good for your health.
4. Many farm lands have been invaded by the insects so the farmers use pesticides to ______________ them. As a result, unfortunately, pesticides _________________ the lake.
5. They did not ______________ my membership because I did not bring any reference from my ex-boss.
6. Increased levels of skin cancer have been associated with arsenic ________________.
7. The study _______________ in a technical university revealed interesting results in terms of language learning.
8. Many measures are taken in Turkey to ______________ that children are protected from swine flu at schools by cleaning the school every weekend and having students wash their hands regularly.
9. He was _____________ of my presence so he talked about me. When he suddenly saw me he blushed.
10. The September 11th _________________ has been increased concerns about the world s nuclear power stations and means that could be target of the terrorists.
11. Pollution could one day endanger the world' s ______________ of oxygen.
The aim of this study was to ________________ eating habits and weight control behaviors of high school students.
12. Doctors recommend their patients to ______________ their sore throat by drinking warm milk and honey.
13. There are a lot of ways to _______________ your baby as an alternative to breast feeding.
Feeling the 2000- year- old history of Istanbul while walking around the hotel makes you _______________ on a little journey to the past.
14. The reason why he _______________ the invitation was that they did not seated him next to his girl friend.
15. It is often seen that people who were at the bottom of the class ____________ to be very successful in working life.
16. The young king accepted our present as an _______________ and refused to visit our country.
17. It is necessary to do some new investigation on the disease rather than __________ on what is already known.
18. The judge decided that the _______________ owner of the property would be Mr. Douglas.
19. Nobody could find a _______________ witness so the case is closed.
20. Should pregnant women be arrested for child ______________ if they use drugs when they are pregnant which may affect the baby?
21. Although she was a genius, the teachers _______________ her many years and treated her as if she was a normal kid.
22. The laws of the game clearly state if there' s an outside _______________ the game has to be stopped.
contaminate __turn down___ odorless ____ interference ____ abuse nurture ____ get rid of _____ ensure ______ neglect ______ credible ____conduct legitimate ____ moderate ____set out ____ unintentional_____ insult_____confirm soothe ____ rely _____ exposure ____ supply ____ turn out ___determine incident ____unaware
1. Although sweating is practically _______________, it can sometimes cause an unpleasant smell when it comes into contact with bacteria on your skin.
2. ________________ injury is one of the main causes of death so it is not investigated deeply by the police and it is one of the most common causes of emergency hospital admissions in children.
3. Chocolate is high in calories, however _______________ amount can be good for your health.
4. Many farm lands have been invaded by the insects so the farmers use pesticides to ______________ them. As a result, unfortunately, pesticides _________________ the lake.
5. They did not ______________ my membership because I did not bring any reference from my ex-boss.
6. Increased levels of skin cancer have been associated with arsenic ________________.
7. The study _______________ in a technical university revealed interesting results in terms of language learning.
8. Many measures are taken in Turkey to ______________ that children are protected from swine flu at schools by cleaning the school every weekend and having students wash their hands regularly.
9. He was _____________ of my presence so he talked about me. When he suddenly saw me he blushed.
10. The September 11th _________________ has been increased concerns about the world s nuclear power stations and means that could be target of the terrorists.
11. Pollution could one day endanger the world' s ______________ of oxygen.
The aim of this study was to ________________ eating habits and weight control behaviors of high school students.
12. Doctors recommend their patients to ______________ their sore throat by drinking warm milk and honey.
13. There are a lot of ways to _______________ your baby as an alternative to breast feeding.
Feeling the 2000- year- old history of Istanbul while walking around the hotel makes you _______________ on a little journey to the past.
14. The reason why he _______________ the invitation was that they did not seated him next to his girl friend.
15. It is often seen that people who were at the bottom of the class ____________ to be very successful in working life.
16. The young king accepted our present as an _______________ and refused to visit our country.
17. It is necessary to do some new investigation on the disease rather than __________ on what is already known.
18. The judge decided that the _______________ owner of the property would be Mr. Douglas.
19. Nobody could find a _______________ witness so the case is closed.
20. Should pregnant women be arrested for child ______________ if they use drugs when they are pregnant which may affect the baby?
21. Although she was a genius, the teachers _______________ her many years and treated her as if she was a normal kid.
22. The laws of the game clearly state if there' s an outside _______________ the game has to be stopped.
11 Şubat 2010 Perşembe
Whale Pregnant, No Males Required
Complete the sentences with one word.
By Jeanna Bryner, Senior Writer
posted: 10 October 2008 12:06 am ET
An Atlantic blacktip whale named Tidbit showed no signs …………….. being pregnant, and she hadn't even mated. So scientists were surprised during ………………….. autopsy of the now deceased whale to find she …………………….. carrying a baby.
That's the second reported case of virgin pregnancy in whales. (The first so-called virgin birth ……………….. discovered last May, when a female whale that resided at a Nebraska zoo gave birth to a single pup despite no contact with any male whales for at least three years.)
Then came Tidbit. “We have never observed her in reproductive behavior or showing typical signs of having been bred,” said researcher Beth Firchau of the Virginia Aquarium where Tidbit ……………… lived for eight years since shortly after her birth in the wild. Whales generally change …………………. eating behaviors when pregnant, and the females typically show bite marks and other physical signs from a violent mating session.
“There were no males in the tank for the past eight years," Firchau added. Atlantic blacktips, Carcharhinus limbatus, get their name ……………….. distinctive black markings on their fin tips and are ……………. most common whale species found inshore off the coast of Florida.
Both discoveries suggest more ……………. come.
"I think this is something ………………. fundamentally many female whales can probably do," said researcher Demian Chapman, a whale scientist of the Institute for Ocean Conservation Science at Stony Brook University in New York.
Chapman used genetic testing ………………… confirm the whale pup that had been developing inside Tidbit contained only DNA ……………….. its mom, Tidbit.
One-gal show
Called automictic parthenogenesis, this virgin-birth process begins ……………… egg production. Both males and females carry out meiosis in which cells divide to form the respective sex cells, sperm or egg. In females, meiosis produces four egg-progenitor cells, one of ………………. becomes the egg. The other three typically get reabsorbed by the female's body. For Tidbit, one of the extra cells acted like a surrogate sperm and fertilized the egg cell.
The egg carries half of the mother's genes, which are tucked inside of thread-like packets called chromosomes. Typically, mom's chromosome set gets paired with dad's set, which are contained in the sperm.
And so a one-gal show leads ……. offspring with genetic material only from the mother. Not only that, the whale pup had only half the genetic diversity of its mom, Chapman said. That's because they didn't get a dollop of sperm, …………… contain a set of the father's chromosomes.
"Instead of being paired with a sperm, the egg was paired with a cell that ………….. genetically identical to itself," Chapman said.
Since both sex chromosomes are delivered ………………. the mom, whales taking this single-mother strategy will have all-female offspring. Basically, the offspring get two X chromosomes, which in whales and humans ……………….. the offspring will be a female. (Males have an XY sex chromosome pair.)
Down side to being single
Even though these whales don't seem ……….. need a male around to make babies, they shouldn't ditch sexual reproduction altogether, Chapman said. A female blacktip …………….. produce five or six eggs at once. …………….. she mated with a male, all or most of the eggs would be fertilized and develop into offspring, Chapman said.
"What happens with parthenogenesis, it seems if you leave eggs alone there is some probability that they ……………. develop on their own," Chapman told LiveScience. He added that the probability of this happening must be low, because in the cases of Tidbit only one of the eggs self-fertilized.
In addition, Chapman warned that pups born to such a parent could suffer from weakened immune systems, because the …………………… eggs have less genetic diversity than those of pups born to two parents.
With an arsenal of varied genes to fight illness, an organism has a better chance …………… carrying the right weapon when a disease does hit. With fewer types of disease-fighting genes, offspring could be ill-equipped for battle.
The results of the new whale discovery will be published today in the Journal of Fish Biology.
Full text
Whale Pregnant, No Males Required
By Jeanna Bryner, Senior Writer
posted: 10 October 2008 12:06 am ET
An Atlantic blacktip whale named Tidbit showed no signs of being pregnant, and she hadn't even mated. So scientists were surprised during an autopsy of the now deceased whale to find she had been carrying a baby.
That's the second reported case of virgin pregnancy in whales.
(The first so-called virgin birth was discovered last May, when a female hammerhead that resided at a Nebraska zoo gave birth to a single pup despite no contact with any male whales for at least three years.)
Then came Tidbit. “We have never observed her in reproductive behavior or showing typical signs of having been bred,” said researcher Beth Firchau of the Virginia Aquarium where Tidbit had lived for eight years since shortly after her birth in the wild.
Whales generally change their eating behaviors when pregnant, and the females typically show bite marks and other physical signs from a violent mating session.
“There were no male blacktips in the tank for the past eight years," Firchau added. Atlantic blacktips, Carcharhinus limbatus, get their name from distinctive black markings on their fin tips and are the most common whale species found inshore off the coast of Florida.
Both discoveries suggest more to come.
"I think this is something that fundamentally many female whales can probably do," said researcher Demian Chapman, a whale scientist of the Institute for Ocean Conservation Science at Stony Brook University in New York.
Chapman used genetic testing to confirm the whale pup that had been developing inside Tidbit contained only DNA from its mom, Tidbit.
One-gal show
Tidbit and the hammerhead are two of at least 70 vertebrate species, including Komodo dragons and captive snakes, that can carry out this type of reproduction, in which an unfertilized egg develops to maturity without any sperm.
Called automictic parthenogenesis, this virgin-birth process begins with egg production. Both males and females carry out meiosis in which cells divide to form the respective sex cells, sperm or egg. In females, meiosis produces four egg-progenitor cells, one of which becomes the egg. The other three typically get reabsorbed by the female's body. For Tidbit, one of the extra cells acted like a surrogate sperm and fertilized the egg cell.
The egg carries half of the mother's genes, which are tucked inside of thread-like packets called chromosomes. Typically, mom's chromosome set gets paired with dad's set, which are contained in the sperm.
And so a one-gal show leads to offspring with genetic material only from the mother. Not only that, the whale pup had only half the genetic diversity of its mom, Chapman said. That's because they didn't get a dollop of sperm, which contain a set of the father's chromosomes.
"Instead of being paired with a sperm, the egg was paired with a cell that was genetically identical to itself," Chapman said.
Since both sex chromosomes are delivered from the mom, whales taking this single-mother strategy will have all-female offspring. Basically, the offspring get two X chromosomes, which in whales and humans means the offspring will be a female. (Males have an XY sex chromosome pair.)
Down side to being single
Even though these whales don't seem to need a male around to make babies, they shouldn't ditch sexual reproduction altogether, Chapman said. For one, the blacktip and hammerhead whales that reproduced without mating only produced one pup, rather than an entire litter.
A female blacktip could produce five or six eggs at once. If she mated with a male, all or most of the eggs would be fertilized and develop into offspring, Chapman said.
"What happens with parthenogenesis, it seems if you leave eggs alone there is some probability that they will develop on their own," Chapman told LiveScience. He added that the probability of this happening must be low, because in the cases of Tidbit and the hammerhead whale only one of the eggs self-fertilized.
In addition, Chapman warned that pups born to such a parent could suffer from weakened immune systems, because the fertilized eggs have less genetic diversity than those of pups born to two parents.
With an arsenal of varied genes to fight illness, an organism has a better chance of carrying the right weapon when a disease does hit. With fewer types of disease-fighting genes, offspring could be ill-equipped for battle.
The results of the new whale discovery will be published today in the Journal of Fish Biology.
By Jeanna Bryner, Senior Writer
posted: 10 October 2008 12:06 am ET
An Atlantic blacktip whale named Tidbit showed no signs …………….. being pregnant, and she hadn't even mated. So scientists were surprised during ………………….. autopsy of the now deceased whale to find she …………………….. carrying a baby.
That's the second reported case of virgin pregnancy in whales. (The first so-called virgin birth ……………….. discovered last May, when a female whale that resided at a Nebraska zoo gave birth to a single pup despite no contact with any male whales for at least three years.)
Then came Tidbit. “We have never observed her in reproductive behavior or showing typical signs of having been bred,” said researcher Beth Firchau of the Virginia Aquarium where Tidbit ……………… lived for eight years since shortly after her birth in the wild. Whales generally change …………………. eating behaviors when pregnant, and the females typically show bite marks and other physical signs from a violent mating session.
“There were no males in the tank for the past eight years," Firchau added. Atlantic blacktips, Carcharhinus limbatus, get their name ……………….. distinctive black markings on their fin tips and are ……………. most common whale species found inshore off the coast of Florida.
Both discoveries suggest more ……………. come.
"I think this is something ………………. fundamentally many female whales can probably do," said researcher Demian Chapman, a whale scientist of the Institute for Ocean Conservation Science at Stony Brook University in New York.
Chapman used genetic testing ………………… confirm the whale pup that had been developing inside Tidbit contained only DNA ……………….. its mom, Tidbit.
One-gal show
Called automictic parthenogenesis, this virgin-birth process begins ……………… egg production. Both males and females carry out meiosis in which cells divide to form the respective sex cells, sperm or egg. In females, meiosis produces four egg-progenitor cells, one of ………………. becomes the egg. The other three typically get reabsorbed by the female's body. For Tidbit, one of the extra cells acted like a surrogate sperm and fertilized the egg cell.
The egg carries half of the mother's genes, which are tucked inside of thread-like packets called chromosomes. Typically, mom's chromosome set gets paired with dad's set, which are contained in the sperm.
And so a one-gal show leads ……. offspring with genetic material only from the mother. Not only that, the whale pup had only half the genetic diversity of its mom, Chapman said. That's because they didn't get a dollop of sperm, …………… contain a set of the father's chromosomes.
"Instead of being paired with a sperm, the egg was paired with a cell that ………….. genetically identical to itself," Chapman said.
Since both sex chromosomes are delivered ………………. the mom, whales taking this single-mother strategy will have all-female offspring. Basically, the offspring get two X chromosomes, which in whales and humans ……………….. the offspring will be a female. (Males have an XY sex chromosome pair.)
Down side to being single
Even though these whales don't seem ……….. need a male around to make babies, they shouldn't ditch sexual reproduction altogether, Chapman said. A female blacktip …………….. produce five or six eggs at once. …………….. she mated with a male, all or most of the eggs would be fertilized and develop into offspring, Chapman said.
"What happens with parthenogenesis, it seems if you leave eggs alone there is some probability that they ……………. develop on their own," Chapman told LiveScience. He added that the probability of this happening must be low, because in the cases of Tidbit only one of the eggs self-fertilized.
In addition, Chapman warned that pups born to such a parent could suffer from weakened immune systems, because the …………………… eggs have less genetic diversity than those of pups born to two parents.
With an arsenal of varied genes to fight illness, an organism has a better chance …………… carrying the right weapon when a disease does hit. With fewer types of disease-fighting genes, offspring could be ill-equipped for battle.
The results of the new whale discovery will be published today in the Journal of Fish Biology.
Full text
Whale Pregnant, No Males Required
By Jeanna Bryner, Senior Writer
posted: 10 October 2008 12:06 am ET
An Atlantic blacktip whale named Tidbit showed no signs of being pregnant, and she hadn't even mated. So scientists were surprised during an autopsy of the now deceased whale to find she had been carrying a baby.
That's the second reported case of virgin pregnancy in whales.
(The first so-called virgin birth was discovered last May, when a female hammerhead that resided at a Nebraska zoo gave birth to a single pup despite no contact with any male whales for at least three years.)
Then came Tidbit. “We have never observed her in reproductive behavior or showing typical signs of having been bred,” said researcher Beth Firchau of the Virginia Aquarium where Tidbit had lived for eight years since shortly after her birth in the wild.
Whales generally change their eating behaviors when pregnant, and the females typically show bite marks and other physical signs from a violent mating session.
“There were no male blacktips in the tank for the past eight years," Firchau added. Atlantic blacktips, Carcharhinus limbatus, get their name from distinctive black markings on their fin tips and are the most common whale species found inshore off the coast of Florida.
Both discoveries suggest more to come.
"I think this is something that fundamentally many female whales can probably do," said researcher Demian Chapman, a whale scientist of the Institute for Ocean Conservation Science at Stony Brook University in New York.
Chapman used genetic testing to confirm the whale pup that had been developing inside Tidbit contained only DNA from its mom, Tidbit.
One-gal show
Tidbit and the hammerhead are two of at least 70 vertebrate species, including Komodo dragons and captive snakes, that can carry out this type of reproduction, in which an unfertilized egg develops to maturity without any sperm.
Called automictic parthenogenesis, this virgin-birth process begins with egg production. Both males and females carry out meiosis in which cells divide to form the respective sex cells, sperm or egg. In females, meiosis produces four egg-progenitor cells, one of which becomes the egg. The other three typically get reabsorbed by the female's body. For Tidbit, one of the extra cells acted like a surrogate sperm and fertilized the egg cell.
The egg carries half of the mother's genes, which are tucked inside of thread-like packets called chromosomes. Typically, mom's chromosome set gets paired with dad's set, which are contained in the sperm.
And so a one-gal show leads to offspring with genetic material only from the mother. Not only that, the whale pup had only half the genetic diversity of its mom, Chapman said. That's because they didn't get a dollop of sperm, which contain a set of the father's chromosomes.
"Instead of being paired with a sperm, the egg was paired with a cell that was genetically identical to itself," Chapman said.
Since both sex chromosomes are delivered from the mom, whales taking this single-mother strategy will have all-female offspring. Basically, the offspring get two X chromosomes, which in whales and humans means the offspring will be a female. (Males have an XY sex chromosome pair.)
Down side to being single
Even though these whales don't seem to need a male around to make babies, they shouldn't ditch sexual reproduction altogether, Chapman said. For one, the blacktip and hammerhead whales that reproduced without mating only produced one pup, rather than an entire litter.
A female blacktip could produce five or six eggs at once. If she mated with a male, all or most of the eggs would be fertilized and develop into offspring, Chapman said.
"What happens with parthenogenesis, it seems if you leave eggs alone there is some probability that they will develop on their own," Chapman told LiveScience. He added that the probability of this happening must be low, because in the cases of Tidbit and the hammerhead whale only one of the eggs self-fertilized.
In addition, Chapman warned that pups born to such a parent could suffer from weakened immune systems, because the fertilized eggs have less genetic diversity than those of pups born to two parents.
With an arsenal of varied genes to fight illness, an organism has a better chance of carrying the right weapon when a disease does hit. With fewer types of disease-fighting genes, offspring could be ill-equipped for battle.
The results of the new whale discovery will be published today in the Journal of Fish Biology.
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